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	<title>Comments on: Double Down on Density</title>
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	<description>Exploring the culture of citymaking</description>
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		<title>By: Antonia Martinelli</title>
		<link>http://urbanomnibus.net/2010/01/double-down-on-density/comment-page-1/#comment-20865</link>
		<dc:creator>Antonia Martinelli</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 03 Jun 2010 02:59:04 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://urbanomnibus.net/?p=13071#comment-20865</guid>
		<description>There may be a silver lining to the downfall of the US car industry.  They could eventually become less influential in our government policy, perhaps leading to a less car-centric infrastructure.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>There may be a silver lining to the downfall of the US car industry.  They could eventually become less influential in our government policy, perhaps leading to a less car-centric infrastructure.</p>
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		<title>By: Makabusi</title>
		<link>http://urbanomnibus.net/2010/01/double-down-on-density/comment-page-1/#comment-7757</link>
		<dc:creator>Makabusi</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 07 Feb 2010 22:15:08 +0000</pubDate>
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		<description>This is not off topic, but HIGH SPEED RAIL is not the correct choice of technology for building wealth in cities in the USA. The above vision is fatally flawed. It doesn&#039;t take youth more than a few seconds to view the map of where these lines are to be laid to recognize the fact that there are no connections between Florida and California.

One cannot pursue this technology for future mobility of both people and goods. Wake up America. American transportation history has produced the way to travel into a better future.We cannot persist in attempting to move forward by looking in the rear view mirror.

A valid new transportation future vision would at least consider the following.
Transportation futures explore the relationship of the past and the present, memories and experiences with expectations.
The story of mobility indicates that events are continuous. Remembering what has worked in transportation rests between the power of knowing and the futility of the past.
How much and how little mobility has changed in cities needs to be viewed as a prologue to what it reveals.
Viewing the future advance of your leadership will be colored by unsettling use of three words &quot;High-Speed Rail&quot;. High Speed Rail should be given a kind eulogy.
Americans have turned cities into endless turmoil by continually accommodating an infrastructure supporting fossil fuels that consumes more than 40 percent of our cities land surface. We are making our living areas subservient to the collective movement of people and goods ultimately harming the health of our citizens.
To make sense of American Transportation requires your leadership toward the true meaning of reducing the infrastructure &quot;footprint&quot;. The cost of mobility on infrastructure stands on establishing a transition from 
fossil fuel energy consumption to renewable energy resources.
Creation of the triad of policy, design and cost estimation is not easy. 
However there is a practical solution available that will cast America into a better place in which to live and get around swiftly,economically in service of its citizens that is completely benign to the environment.
There is one transportation system you might want to consider. A fresh and realistic approach for the way we need ultimately to move people and goods is to carefully evaluate Evacuated Tube Transportation.
The most important result is to weigh the opportunity of this 
transportation systems capability for less infrastructure footprint, less cost, less energy consumption, greater carrying capacities, greater safety and security based upon incremental American ingenuity,entrepreneurship and invention that began in the mid 1970&#039;s. 
The number of future jobs is most hard to estimate accurately as Americans as a whole will all benefit due to the fact we all need to design and participate in building wealth starting with a new and practical transportation system.

It would be reasonable for the author and the commentators  understanding found in this new mobility system. Visit http://www.Et3.net for a view of realistic transformation.

These integrated and proven technologies bring forward an opportunity to take the next generation of Americans into an exciting transportation future with your new clarity of understanding of what &quot;vision&quot; means.

Makabusi</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>This is not off topic, but HIGH SPEED RAIL is not the correct choice of technology for building wealth in cities in the USA. The above vision is fatally flawed. It doesn&#8217;t take youth more than a few seconds to view the map of where these lines are to be laid to recognize the fact that there are no connections between Florida and California.</p>
<p>One cannot pursue this technology for future mobility of both people and goods. Wake up America. American transportation history has produced the way to travel into a better future.We cannot persist in attempting to move forward by looking in the rear view mirror.</p>
<p>A valid new transportation future vision would at least consider the following.<br />
Transportation futures explore the relationship of the past and the present, memories and experiences with expectations.<br />
The story of mobility indicates that events are continuous. Remembering what has worked in transportation rests between the power of knowing and the futility of the past.<br />
How much and how little mobility has changed in cities needs to be viewed as a prologue to what it reveals.<br />
Viewing the future advance of your leadership will be colored by unsettling use of three words &#8220;High-Speed Rail&#8221;. High Speed Rail should be given a kind eulogy.<br />
Americans have turned cities into endless turmoil by continually accommodating an infrastructure supporting fossil fuels that consumes more than 40 percent of our cities land surface. We are making our living areas subservient to the collective movement of people and goods ultimately harming the health of our citizens.<br />
To make sense of American Transportation requires your leadership toward the true meaning of reducing the infrastructure &#8220;footprint&#8221;. The cost of mobility on infrastructure stands on establishing a transition from<br />
fossil fuel energy consumption to renewable energy resources.<br />
Creation of the triad of policy, design and cost estimation is not easy.<br />
However there is a practical solution available that will cast America into a better place in which to live and get around swiftly,economically in service of its citizens that is completely benign to the environment.<br />
There is one transportation system you might want to consider. A fresh and realistic approach for the way we need ultimately to move people and goods is to carefully evaluate Evacuated Tube Transportation.<br />
The most important result is to weigh the opportunity of this<br />
transportation systems capability for less infrastructure footprint, less cost, less energy consumption, greater carrying capacities, greater safety and security based upon incremental American ingenuity,entrepreneurship and invention that began in the mid 1970&#8242;s.<br />
The number of future jobs is most hard to estimate accurately as Americans as a whole will all benefit due to the fact we all need to design and participate in building wealth starting with a new and practical transportation system.</p>
<p>It would be reasonable for the author and the commentators  understanding found in this new mobility system. Visit <a href="http://www.Et3.net" >http://www.Et3.net</a> for a view of realistic transformation.</p>
<p>These integrated and proven technologies bring forward an opportunity to take the next generation of Americans into an exciting transportation future with your new clarity of understanding of what &#8220;vision&#8221; means.</p>
<p>Makabusi</p>
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		<title>By: Kris Scheerlinck</title>
		<link>http://urbanomnibus.net/2010/01/double-down-on-density/comment-page-1/#comment-7605</link>
		<dc:creator>Kris Scheerlinck</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 05 Feb 2010 10:51:04 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://urbanomnibus.net/?p=13071#comment-7605</guid>
		<description>I totally agree about the relatively short distances within US mega regions, however being coherent with that, we could consider Europe one big mega region, as the small-distance relationships do not end with regional clusters but spread out in a rather homogeneous way all over the continent: Paris-London is very close to Amsterdam-Brussels, Frankfurt-Stuttgart-Strasbourgh, etc. The NY-Washington model might not be really representative for the US. At the contrary, Europe is so petite we complain about having to take the luxury HS line even if it&#039;s only for 45 minutes. 
It is interesting to see how the image of using the hightech infrastructure gains importance. In Europe it is not only a matter of efficiency, density and distances, but in an increasing way of image. Lately, it is frowned upon to take plains or go by car. The best deals are now made on the HS train. Someone even told me it became the best way of finding the love of your life. Talking about the infrastructure of tomorrow.
http://www.johomaps.com/eu/europehighspeed.html</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I totally agree about the relatively short distances within US mega regions, however being coherent with that, we could consider Europe one big mega region, as the small-distance relationships do not end with regional clusters but spread out in a rather homogeneous way all over the continent: Paris-London is very close to Amsterdam-Brussels, Frankfurt-Stuttgart-Strasbourgh, etc. The NY-Washington model might not be really representative for the US. At the contrary, Europe is so petite we complain about having to take the luxury HS line even if it&#8217;s only for 45 minutes.<br />
It is interesting to see how the image of using the hightech infrastructure gains importance. In Europe it is not only a matter of efficiency, density and distances, but in an increasing way of image. Lately, it is frowned upon to take plains or go by car. The best deals are now made on the HS train. Someone even told me it became the best way of finding the love of your life. Talking about the infrastructure of tomorrow.<br />
<a href="http://www.johomaps.com/eu/europehighspeed.html" >http://www.johomaps.com/eu/europehighspeed.html</a></p>
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		<title>By: Leni Schwendinger</title>
		<link>http://urbanomnibus.net/2010/01/double-down-on-density/comment-page-1/#comment-7589</link>
		<dc:creator>Leni Schwendinger</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 05 Feb 2010 03:15:04 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://urbanomnibus.net/?p=13071#comment-7589</guid>
		<description>Vishaan, thanks for another thought provoking article. I reposted this one on all of my social media outlets, as well as &quot;Country of Cities&quot; - which is a wonderfully evocative phrase that we might use more often. 

I am a total fan of HSR in Asia and Europe - having been a passenger on the Japan &quot;Hikari&quot; [LIGHT] and TGV numerous times. I would trade train transpo for air any day.  

A thought in regards to Amy&#039;s comment - as an infrastructure lover from way back, I am sad to announce that working in the environment of ARRA-funded infrastructure projects right now (our company is involved in two of them) is truly to be in the maelstrom of waste.  The projects are so fast tracked that perversely design is an unwanted side effect. And relationships between professional peers are severely strained. 

It will be interesting to look back at the Stimulus projects and see just what was created.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Vishaan, thanks for another thought provoking article. I reposted this one on all of my social media outlets, as well as &#8220;Country of Cities&#8221; &#8211; which is a wonderfully evocative phrase that we might use more often. </p>
<p>I am a total fan of HSR in Asia and Europe &#8211; having been a passenger on the Japan &#8220;Hikari&#8221; [LIGHT] and TGV numerous times. I would trade train transpo for air any day.  </p>
<p>A thought in regards to Amy&#8217;s comment &#8211; as an infrastructure lover from way back, I am sad to announce that working in the environment of ARRA-funded infrastructure projects right now (our company is involved in two of them) is truly to be in the maelstrom of waste.  The projects are so fast tracked that perversely design is an unwanted side effect. And relationships between professional peers are severely strained. </p>
<p>It will be interesting to look back at the Stimulus projects and see just what was created.</p>
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		<title>By: Vishaan Chakrabarti</title>
		<link>http://urbanomnibus.net/2010/01/double-down-on-density/comment-page-1/#comment-7579</link>
		<dc:creator>Vishaan Chakrabarti</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 04 Feb 2010 23:45:14 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://urbanomnibus.net/?p=13071#comment-7579</guid>
		<description>Thanks to all of you for your many comments - I hope they continue to come in and keep the discussion going.  Professor Glazer, thank you for joining the conversation.  In terms of your comment, the whole point of the piece, perhaps too subtly drawn, is that it is astounding that areas like Tampa get funding for HSR before areas of clear need like the Boston-Washington, San Francisco-San Diego, or even the Dallas-Houston Corridor.  In past postings, I have been critical of the Administration for such discrepancies, but the point here is that perhaps we need to give the President time by nodding to the political realities of the swing states.  After spending the last five years of my life trying to remake New York&#039;s Penn Station, one of our great national embarrassments, it is not easy for me to recommend compromise on this front, but such seems to be our reality as a nation.  Personally, I am crazy enough to believe that we should solve the Northeast Corridor issue by reclaiming highway lanes for Mag Lev HSR, which would solve the right-of-way issues in many areas.

I am taken by Amy&#039;s comment about the means by which infrastructure spending became refashioned as debt and pork.  I believe this transformation occurred in the Reagan era, when all government spending was recast as waste.  This was not the case with Eisenhower, who passed the Federal Highway Act, or Nixon, who created the EPA.  It is ironic that Reagan&#039;s simplistic calculation is now hurting all of us, left and right, individuals and business.  But ultimately, we have to examine the fact that over 70% of the US population lives in &quot;mega-regions&quot;, yet Congress is tilted to represent states with very little population, thus we get infrastructure as pork like the &quot;bridge to nowhere.&quot;

Finally, as to the relationship between density and HSR, the two should reinforce each other.  HSR is an enormous financial commitment, and should generate significant ridership between city centers.  If we accept the transit-oriented development premise that village like density should surround light rail, and more significant urban density should surround subways, it stands to reason that maximum density should surround HSR.  Part of the environmental goal here is to eliminate the shuttle and regional flights that clog our skies.  New York&#039;s three airports handle a third of the nation&#039;s air traffic, so the entire nation benefits when HSR shuttles passengers from dense city center to dense city center.  This is why to Kris&#039; comment I can only reply that I think in the big &quot;mega-regions&quot; of the US, the city centers are about as close as European cities (Washington to NY is a similar distance of Paris to London), and to close, no, I don&#039;t want to change Presidents!  Best regards.

Vishaan Chakrabarti
New York, New York</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Thanks to all of you for your many comments &#8211; I hope they continue to come in and keep the discussion going.  Professor Glazer, thank you for joining the conversation.  In terms of your comment, the whole point of the piece, perhaps too subtly drawn, is that it is astounding that areas like Tampa get funding for HSR before areas of clear need like the Boston-Washington, San Francisco-San Diego, or even the Dallas-Houston Corridor.  In past postings, I have been critical of the Administration for such discrepancies, but the point here is that perhaps we need to give the President time by nodding to the political realities of the swing states.  After spending the last five years of my life trying to remake New York&#8217;s Penn Station, one of our great national embarrassments, it is not easy for me to recommend compromise on this front, but such seems to be our reality as a nation.  Personally, I am crazy enough to believe that we should solve the Northeast Corridor issue by reclaiming highway lanes for Mag Lev HSR, which would solve the right-of-way issues in many areas.</p>
<p>I am taken by Amy&#8217;s comment about the means by which infrastructure spending became refashioned as debt and pork.  I believe this transformation occurred in the Reagan era, when all government spending was recast as waste.  This was not the case with Eisenhower, who passed the Federal Highway Act, or Nixon, who created the EPA.  It is ironic that Reagan&#8217;s simplistic calculation is now hurting all of us, left and right, individuals and business.  But ultimately, we have to examine the fact that over 70% of the US population lives in &#8220;mega-regions&#8221;, yet Congress is tilted to represent states with very little population, thus we get infrastructure as pork like the &#8220;bridge to nowhere.&#8221;</p>
<p>Finally, as to the relationship between density and HSR, the two should reinforce each other.  HSR is an enormous financial commitment, and should generate significant ridership between city centers.  If we accept the transit-oriented development premise that village like density should surround light rail, and more significant urban density should surround subways, it stands to reason that maximum density should surround HSR.  Part of the environmental goal here is to eliminate the shuttle and regional flights that clog our skies.  New York&#8217;s three airports handle a third of the nation&#8217;s air traffic, so the entire nation benefits when HSR shuttles passengers from dense city center to dense city center.  This is why to Kris&#8217; comment I can only reply that I think in the big &#8220;mega-regions&#8221; of the US, the city centers are about as close as European cities (Washington to NY is a similar distance of Paris to London), and to close, no, I don&#8217;t want to change Presidents!  Best regards.</p>
<p>Vishaan Chakrabarti<br />
New York, New York</p>
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		<title>By: BruceMcF</title>
		<link>http://urbanomnibus.net/2010/01/double-down-on-density/comment-page-1/#comment-7572</link>
		<dc:creator>BruceMcF</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 04 Feb 2010 19:17:28 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://urbanomnibus.net/?p=13071#comment-7572</guid>
		<description>Don&#039;t forget that complementary to any densely populated large city is its transactions - in both material and services - with its hinterland. A monoculture is not a sustainable development model, even if a densely populated inner urban monoculture is in many respects &lt;i&gt;relatively more&lt;/i&gt; sustainable than a deliberately de-densified settlement system resting on subsidizing sprawl development.

And what is more important than &lt;i&gt;where&lt;/i&gt; the sufficiently dense neighborhoods are located are that there &lt;i&gt;are&lt;/i&gt; sufficiently dense neighborhoods located somewhere.

What makes &quot;HSR&quot; &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;at all three levels as defined by the Department of Transport&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; important (even if the first tier would just be &quot;good express rail service&quot; in most parts of the world) is that it does &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;not&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; have any given density as a pre-requisite. High speed between stations thirty to sixty miles apart, after all, works as an effective density multiplier.

Yet it &lt;i&gt;encourages&lt;/i&gt; density, by providing a traffic anchor to allow sub-marginal potential dedicated transport corridors to become viable dedicated transport corridors, providing the opportunity to locate transport focal points all along the route, including inner urban, suburban, and rural areas. And that, of course, permits the development of higher density neighborhoods than are presently feasible under our current sprawl-subsidy policy regime.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Don&#8217;t forget that complementary to any densely populated large city is its transactions &#8211; in both material and services &#8211; with its hinterland. A monoculture is not a sustainable development model, even if a densely populated inner urban monoculture is in many respects <i>relatively more</i> sustainable than a deliberately de-densified settlement system resting on subsidizing sprawl development.</p>
<p>And what is more important than <i>where</i> the sufficiently dense neighborhoods are located are that there <i>are</i> sufficiently dense neighborhoods located somewhere.</p>
<p>What makes &#8220;HSR&#8221; <b><i>at all three levels as defined by the Department of Transport</i></b> important (even if the first tier would just be &#8220;good express rail service&#8221; in most parts of the world) is that it does <b><i>not</i></b> have any given density as a pre-requisite. High speed between stations thirty to sixty miles apart, after all, works as an effective density multiplier.</p>
<p>Yet it <i>encourages</i> density, by providing a traffic anchor to allow sub-marginal potential dedicated transport corridors to become viable dedicated transport corridors, providing the opportunity to locate transport focal points all along the route, including inner urban, suburban, and rural areas. And that, of course, permits the development of higher density neighborhoods than are presently feasible under our current sprawl-subsidy policy regime.</p>
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		<title>By: Nathan Glazer</title>
		<link>http://urbanomnibus.net/2010/01/double-down-on-density/comment-page-1/#comment-7560</link>
		<dc:creator>Nathan Glazer</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 04 Feb 2010 16:31:30 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://urbanomnibus.net/?p=13071#comment-7560</guid>
		<description>I am surprised not to see a reference to the Boston-NYC-Washington corridor, where HSR (especially between Boston and NYC) is still a joke, despite fumbling and in total expensive efforts since the early sixties, and where HSR has the best chance of getting the number of passengers that would make sense. Twenty years ago, on the 25th anniversary of the opening of the Shinkansen, I noted in the  NY Times the apparent advantages a Boston-Washington line would have over a Tokyo-Osaka line--level ground, the major traffic generator in the middle rather than the ends, etc. But it needs a a new track, through Southern New England, and if we haven&#039;t been able to even think of that  in the last 4 or 5 decades, one must despair of any action in the future.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I am surprised not to see a reference to the Boston-NYC-Washington corridor, where HSR (especially between Boston and NYC) is still a joke, despite fumbling and in total expensive efforts since the early sixties, and where HSR has the best chance of getting the number of passengers that would make sense. Twenty years ago, on the 25th anniversary of the opening of the Shinkansen, I noted in the  NY Times the apparent advantages a Boston-Washington line would have over a Tokyo-Osaka line&#8211;level ground, the major traffic generator in the middle rather than the ends, etc. But it needs a a new track, through Southern New England, and if we haven&#8217;t been able to even think of that  in the last 4 or 5 decades, one must despair of any action in the future.</p>
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		<title>By: Kris Scheerlinck</title>
		<link>http://urbanomnibus.net/2010/01/double-down-on-density/comment-page-1/#comment-7539</link>
		<dc:creator>Kris Scheerlinck</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 04 Feb 2010 10:03:43 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://urbanomnibus.net/?p=13071#comment-7539</guid>
		<description>Dear Mr. Chakrabarti,
It is indeed very difficult to compare Chinese or European infrastructure networks, because of the emergent character and the speed of investment in the Chinese case or because of the small distances in between European cities. Living and working in Europe, using frequently the Urban as well as the High Speed Regional Networks, I agree density is a condition for its success: density simply pays for it. All sustainable and urbanistic arguments aside, it is common sense to double down on density. However, the success of big scale infrastructures does of course not exclusively depend on critical mass, it is as well related to the complexity of the regional configuration, that is the specific relation between different cities. This matrix-like tension takes into account models of proximity and mobility, territorial specialization and economic growth. In other words, there is more than high density in between London, Brussels or Lille. Thanks for the critical note, looking forward to the next one. 
PS: do you guys feel like trading Mr. Obama for Mr. Van Rompuy, our new president? There is no harm trying.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Dear Mr. Chakrabarti,<br />
It is indeed very difficult to compare Chinese or European infrastructure networks, because of the emergent character and the speed of investment in the Chinese case or because of the small distances in between European cities. Living and working in Europe, using frequently the Urban as well as the High Speed Regional Networks, I agree density is a condition for its success: density simply pays for it. All sustainable and urbanistic arguments aside, it is common sense to double down on density. However, the success of big scale infrastructures does of course not exclusively depend on critical mass, it is as well related to the complexity of the regional configuration, that is the specific relation between different cities. This matrix-like tension takes into account models of proximity and mobility, territorial specialization and economic growth. In other words, there is more than high density in between London, Brussels or Lille. Thanks for the critical note, looking forward to the next one.<br />
PS: do you guys feel like trading Mr. Obama for Mr. Van Rompuy, our new president? There is no harm trying.</p>
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