This Land is Our Land

Consider some simple math about people and land. If all of Earth’s six billion people were to live at the density we do here in the five boroughs of New York City, all of humanity would occupy less than one half of one percent of the earth’s land mass. Only one half of one percent, with the vast majority of the planet left unspoiled – it is extraordinary.

This equates to about 8% of the land mass of the continental U.S. — roughly the size of Texas. Yes folks, all of us, the entire planet, could live as New Yorkers in Texas.

According to the United Nations, by 2050 the population is supposed to soar to 9 billion, so at New York densities, the planet’s populace would occupy both Texas and a big chunk of New Mexico. This would mean that liberals too would have a place to live.

So the problem we have as a planet is not population growth. To the contrary, one only need look at the crisis unfolding in Europe to understand that population growth and immigration are critical to a sustainable economy.

No, the problem is not growth, but how that growth will physically manifest itself. With 75% of the population of the planet projected by the UN to live in large urban regions by 2050, the question facing us is whether we will live tall or live in sprawl — whether we grow while protecting nature rather than living in it.

And while this is the core environmental question of our epoch, it is also the core economic question.

Consider a 2001 study done at the University of Chicago, which examined all of the counties of the U.S. It found the “50-2” rule: 50% of the Gross Domestic Product of the United States is generated by a mere 2% of its land mass. Conversely, the study found that 50% of the land mass of the U.S. generates less than 2% of its GDP.

That same study found that New York City annually generates a staggering $1.5 billion per square mile of the country’s GDP.

With density comes prosperity, and prosperity should yield political power. Yet consistently we in New York City give billions of tax dollars to Albany and to Washington that never return, billions we could use to fund our much-needed infrastructure. Imagine the subways, the parks, the schools, the affordable housing, the high speed rail, the bike lanes we could build if we could keep a larger percentage of the wealth that our very lifestyle generates.

Yet, for example, at a recent Forum for Urban Design dinner held here in New York regarding America in 2050, we heard analyses that either purposefully ignored the subsidies that facilitate people’s choices to live in the suburbs, therefore skewing all the data presented, or we heard that in an attempt to densify America, the best we can hope for is “walkable urbanism,” the epitome of which apparently is – wait for it – Bethesda, Maryland! Well meaning as this may be, is Bethesda really the best we can hope for? A place where virtually everyone lives in a single family house and drives to get a quart of milk?

Bethesda, Maryland | Photo by Flickr user <a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/macmoov/4443647889/">macmoov.</a>
Bethesda, Maryland | Photo by Flickr user macmoov.

We need a far more coherent public voice for real urbanity and the infrastructure it needs to grow, a voice that speaks outside of the politics of both parties. The right tends to decry public spending. The left tends to favor entitlements over investments. The right tends to fight regulations that curb sprawl and prices carbon. The left fights for environmental regulations and bureaucracies that can imperil infrastructure. New York’s Moynihan Station project, which is on its fourth – yes, count it, fourth – Environmental Impact Statement, is a cautionary tale in this regard. Congestion pricing, at which we must take another shot if we are to be the twenty-first century city we imagine, was a bi-partisan failure.

So let us form a new infrastructure coalition, one that binds the needs of mobility and density. One that can rightfully claim that through smart urbanization, we can attack virtually every problem we read about on the front pages of our newspapers.

Study after study shows that dense urban environments, supported by the right transportation, lead to lower health care costs, less dependence on foreign oil, less risk of environmental accidents, less global warming, and more competitiveness.

As city dwellers we must win this fight to build a Country of Cities. Because we generate most of this country’s well being, because per capita we produce more while consuming less, we must demand our fair share. Put bluntly, this land is our land, because this land is made by you and me.

This is the sixth in a series of opinion pieces in which Vishaan Chakrabarti casts key current events as rallying cries in his evolving argument for urban density, for a Country of Cities.

Vishaan Chakrabarti, AIA, is the Marc Holliday Professor of Real Estate and the Director of the Real Estate Development program in the Graduate School of Architecture, Planning and Preservation at Columbia University and the founding principal of Vishaan Chakrabarti Design Collaborative (VCDC, llc), an urban design, planning, and strategic advisory firm based in Manhattan. He is a registered architect in the State of New York and lives in Tribeca. Read more…

The views expressed here are those of the authors only and do not reflect the position of The Architectural League of New York.

Series

A Country of Cities

A series of opinion pieces in which Vishaan Chakrabarti casts key current events as rallying cries in his evolving argument for urban density, for a Country of Cities.

Comments

Aaron Goodman July 22, 2010

Excellent piece, I wholeheartedly agree that the infrastructure MUST come first, and that urban areas require more financial input by the government to rebuild and recreate sound and sustainable urban areas as the centerpoint to green redevelopment of our urban areas. This MUST include sound rental housing and flexibility in ownership. It must also include sincere ideas towards the future housing development to instill communal input and empowerment in the designs created.

Alan July 22, 2010

Growing up as a republican in upstate NY it was an article of faith that all of our tax money was being sucked up and sent to NYC to support expensive infrastructure projects like subaways, and of course welfare, and in return we got a few dollars for state roads. I would love to see some actual stats of collection and dispersion of tax dollars statewide. Of course nowadays most of upstate NY’s urban areas are completely decimated, so maybe now it is true?

Anthony Annechino July 26, 2010

The problem is not population growth; it’s greed, pure and simple. The planet ALREADY produces more than enough food to feed everyone amply. And with more well-fed and healthy people, you have more productive members of society. Greed prevents those “with” from helping those “without” from making intelligent investments in humanity, which would only generate a more robust source of income for them. Inexplicably, those capable of resolving our issues care only for their most immediate sensual satiation, and not even for the stability of the world they are leaving for their own children.

Antonia Martinelli July 26, 2010

I have lately been thinking that “New Urbanism” needs to be sold as a lifestyle to American families, with particular emphasis on women, the same way that the Suburbs were sold to post-War families. For instance, I sometimes wonder how much influence Sesame Street had on the fact that I, and growing number of urbanites, now raise children Brooklyn. Unfortunately we all pray that when the kids hit middle school we are not forced to leave for better schools. I am not sure high rise living is for everyone, but I do think the 2 and 3 family townhouse with a small backyard and rental income, in a walkable city where small business mingle with residences, is very marketable, very social, and very healthy. I think this concept is particularly marketable to the growing number of female bread-winners who have always dominated the decision-making, when it comes to nesting.

Mark December 4, 2012

The argument that we would all fit into Texas shows an astonishing ignorance of both how cities and population growth work. Sure, we might all physically fit into Texas, but what would we eat? Cities are not just their dense urban cores, they are actually an integral part of the hinterlands for hundreds (if not thousands) of miles in every direction. A map of the cities of the world that took into account the land resources they absorb would probably occupy 90% of the Earth already. Just because the gross economic value produced by farmland is low doesn’t mean we can have cities without them. Just because we can fit into Texas doesn’t mean the Earth can easily handle more people consuming its resources.

Increased density is definitely a solution to many problems, but that density should come in addition to limiting population growth and consumption, not as a solution to those problems. And land shouldn’t be valued only by it’s economic product – the most valuable land in the country would never produce anything for you to eat or drink. You can’t grow corn on Wall St.

Really though, this is just a TED-style soundbite, not an actual argument or intelligent observation, and it undermines the very real arguments for increased density.